μg of lipoprotein total cholesterol (TC)/mL medium). Media was collected and analyzed for IL-1β secretion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the BD OptEIA human IL-1β ELISA

Detailed Methods Cell Culture The human THP-1 macrophage-like cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). For experiments, cells were cultured at 4.0x10 cells/35-mm plate (Falcon Scientific, BD Biosciences) in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma), β-mercaptoethanol (5x10 mol/L), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin and differentiated with 300 nmol/L phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB, Sigma) for 1 week prior to use in experiments as described. HepG2 cells were obtained from ATCC and grown as described previously. For experiments, HepG2 cells were plated in either 100-mm or six-well (35-mm) culture plates (Falcon, Mississauga, ON) and maintained in minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), but switched to MEM containing 5% human lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) for experimental incubations.